Análise da convergência de avaliação de índices de responsabilidade social corporativa no contexto da empresa brasileira
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2021.160.3955Palavras-chave:
responsabilidade social corporativa, avaliação em índices, convergência de índicesResumo
Este trabalho investiga se há convergência de avaliação da empresa brasileira em índices de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC). Procedeu-se a análise qualitativa e quantitativa de 1.007 observações de empresas brasileiras avaliadas pelos índices de RSC durante 2013-2017: Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), Merco Empresas de Reputação Corporativa (MERCO RP), Merco Responsabilidade Social e Governança Corporativa (MERCO RS/GC), e índices de RSC das agências CSRHub e Thomson Reuters. Os resultados indicam que tais índices, embora apresentem metodologias específicas, estão positivamente correlacionados, indicando haver convergência na avaliação do desempenho em RSC da empresa brasileira, sinalizando que o processo de avaliação dos índices parece consistente.
Downloads
Referências
Antolín-López, R., Delgado-Ceballos, J., & Montiel, I. (2016). Deconstructing corporate sustainability: a comparison of different stakeholder metrics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.111
BM&FBOVESPA. (2016). Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial - ISE 10 Anos. Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2018, de: http://mediadrawer.gvces.com.br/publicacoes/original/ise10anos_v-03-16-1.pdf
Bouten, L., Cho, C. H., Michelon, G., & Roberts, R. W. (2017). CSR Performance Proxies in Large-Sample Studies: 'Umbrella Advocates', Construct Clarity and the 'Validity Police'. Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2018, de: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3107182
Bouvain, P., Baumann, C., & Lundmark, E. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in financial services: A comparison of Chinese and East Asian banks vis-à-vis American banks. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(6), 420-439. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-05-2012-0054
Byrne, E. F. (2010). The U.S. Military-Industrial Complex is Circumstantially Unethical. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2), 153- 165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0361-0
Cai, Y., Jo, H., & Pan, C. (2012). Doing Well While Doing Bad? CSR in Controversial Industry Sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(4), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1103-7
Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00275.x
Chatterji, A., & Levine, D. I. (2006). Breaking Down the Wall of Codes: Evaluating Non-Financial Performance Measurement. California Management Review, 48(2), 29-51.
Chatterji, A. K., Durand, R., Levine, D. I., & Touboul, S. (2016). Do ratings of firms converge? Implications for managers, investors and strategy researchers. Strategic Management Journal, 37(8), 1597-1614. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2407
Chatterji, A. K., & Toffel, M. W. (2010). How firms respond to being rated. Strategic Management Journal, 31(9), 917-945. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.840
Ching Hong, Y. (2017). Sustainability reports in Brazil through the lens of signaling, legitimacy and stakeholder theories. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2015-0147
Crilly, D., Zollo, M., & Hansen, M. T. (2012). Faking It or Muddling Through? Understanding Decoupling in Response to Stakeholder Pressures. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1429-1448. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0697
Crisóstomo, V. L., Carneiro, C. M. B., & Gomes, L. A. S. (2018). Analysis of the evolution of the adhesion to the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). Brazilian Journal of Management, 11(Edição Especial - XIX ENGEMA/I AMAS), 772-794. https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465931879
Crisóstomo, V. L., Freire, F. S., & Freitas, M. R. O. (2020). Determinants of corporate sustainability performance - evidence from Brazilian panel data. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(8), 1053-1072. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2018-0102
Crisóstomo, V. L., & Oliveira, M. R. (2016). An Analysis of the Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility of Brazilian Firms. BBR - Brazilian Business Review, 13(4), 72-93. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2016.13.4.4
Crisóstomo, V. L., Prudêncio, P. A., & Forte, H. C. (2017). An Analysis of the Adherence to GRI for Disclosing Information on Social Action and Sustainability Concerns. In A. Belal & S. Cooper (Eds.), Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management: Social and Environmental Accounting in Brazil (vol 6, pp. 69-103). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-359820160000006002
CSRHUB. (2018). CSRHUB - Consensus ESG Ratings. Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2018, de: https://esg.csrhub.com/about-csrhub
Čuček, L., Klemeš, J. J., & Kravanja, Z. (2012). A Review of Footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 34, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.036
Cunha, F. A. F. S., & Samanez, C. P. (2013). Performance Analysis of Sustainable Investments in the Brazilian Stock Market: A Study About the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). Journal of Business Ethics, 117(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1484-2
Deegan, C. (2002). The legitimising effect of social and environmental disclosures - a theoretical foundation. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(3), 282-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435852
Delmas, M., & Blass, V. D. (2010). Measuring corporate environmental performance: the trade-offs of sustainability ratings. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(4), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.676
Delmas, M. A., Etzion, D., & Nairn-Birch, N. (2013). Triangulating Environmental Performance: What Do Corporate Social Responsibility Ratings Really Capture? Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(3), 255-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0123
Dorfleitner, G., Halbritter, G., & Nguyen, M. (2015). Measuring the level and risk of corporate responsibility - An empirical comparison of different ESG rating approaches. Journal of Asset Management, 16(7), 450-466. https://doi.org/10.1057/jam.2015.31
Dorfleitner, G., & Utz, S. (2012). Safety first portfolio choice based on financial and sustainability returns. European Journal of Operational Research, 221(1), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.02.034
Dowling, J. B., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388226
Entine, J. (2003). The Myth of Social Investing:A Critique of its Practice and Consequences for Corporate Social Performance Research. Organization & Environment, 16(3), 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026603256283
Espeland, W. N., & Sauder, M. (2007). Rankings and Reactivity: How Public Measures Recreate Social Worlds. American Journal of Sociology, 113(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/517897
Fombrun, C., & Shanley, M. (1990). What's in a Name? Reputation Building and Corporate Strategy. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 233-258. https://doi.org/10.2307/256324
Fowler, S. J., & Hope, C. (2007). A Critical Review of Sustainable Business Indices and their Impact. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(3), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9590-2
Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholders theory: some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857340
Freeman, R. E., & Phillips, R. A. (2002). Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defense. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(3), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.2307/3858020
Hedesström, M., Lundqvist, U., & Biel, A. (2011). Investigating consistency of judgement across sustainability analyst organizations. Sustainable Development, 19(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.511
Hsu, G., Roberts, P. W., & Swaminathan, A. (2012). Evaluative Schemas and the Mediating Role of Critics. Organization Science, 23(1), 83- 97. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0630
IBASE. (2008). Balanço social, dez anos: o desafio da transparência. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas (Ibase). Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2019, de: http://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/handle/id/102804
Jo, H., & Harjoto, M. A. (2011). Corporate Governance and Firm Value: The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3), 351-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0869-y
Kinder, P. D., & Domini, A. L. (1997). Social Screening: Paradigms Old and New. The Journal of Investing, 6(4), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.3905/joi.1997.408443
Lindgreen, A., Maon, F., Reast, J., & Yani-De-Soriano, M. (2012). Guest Editorial: Corporate Social Responsibility in Controversial Industry Sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(4), 393-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1488-y
Marcondes, A. W., & Bacarji, C. D. (2010). ISE - Sustentabilidade no Mercado de Capitais (1 ed. Vol. 1). São Paulo: Report Editora LTDA.
Martikainen, T., Perttunen, J., Yli-Olli, P., & Gunasekaran, A. (1995). Financial ratio distribution irregularities: Implications for ratio classification. European Journal of Operational Research, 80(1), 34- 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(93)E0134-J
MERCO. (2018). Monitor Empresarial de Reputação Corporativa: Qué es merco? Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2018, de: https://www.merco.info/br/que-es-merco#!
Odriozola, M. D., Martín, A., & Luna, L. (2015). The relationship between labour social responsibility practices and reputation. International Journal of Manpower, 36(2), 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2013-0039
Orsato, R. J., Garcia, A., Mendes-Da-Silva, W., Simonetti, R., & Monzoni, M. (2015). Sustainability indexes: why join in? A study of the ‘Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE)’ in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 161-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.071
Palazzo, G., & Scherer, A. G. (2006). Corporate Legitimacy as Deliberation: A Communicative Framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(1), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9044-2
Ramus, C. A., & Montiel, I. (2005). When Are Corporate Environmental Policies a Form of Greenwashing? Business & Society, 44(4), 377- 414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650305278120
Roca, L. C., & Searcy, C. (2012). An analysis of indicators disclosed in corporate sustainability reports. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20(1), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.08.002
Royston, J. P. (1982). An Extension of Shapiro and Wilk's W Test for Normality to Large Samples. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), 31(2), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.2307/2347973
Saadaoui, K., & Soobaroyen, T. (2018). An analysis of the methodologies adopted by CSR rating agencies. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 9(1), 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-06-2016-0031
Scalet, S., & Kelly, T. F. (2010). CSR Rating Agencies:What is Their Global Impact? Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0250-6
Sharfman, M. (1996). The construct validity of the Kinder, Lydenberg & Domini social performance ratings data. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382954
Statman, M., Thorley, S., & Vorkink, K. (2006). Investor Overconfidence and Trading Volume. The Review of Financial Studies, 19(4), 1531- 1565. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhj032
THOMSON-REUTERS. (2017). Thomson Reuters ESG Scores. Recuperado em 19 de novembro de 2018, de: http://www.esade.edu/itemsweb/biblioteca/bbdd/inbbdd/archivos/Thomson_Reuters_ESG_Scores.pdf
Vogt, M., Hein, N., Rosa, F. S., & Degenhart, L. (2017). Relationship between determinant factors of disclosure of information on environmental impacts of Brazilian companies. Estudios Gerenciales, 33(142), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.10.007
Windolph, S. E. (2011). Assessing Corporate Sustainability Through Ratings: Challenges and Their Causes. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 37-57. https://doi.org/10.14448/jes.01.0005
Zhong, M., Xu, R., Liao, X., & Zhang, S. (2019). Do CSR Ratings Converge in China? A Comparison Between RKS and Hexun Scores. Sustainability, 11(14), 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143921
Zicari, A. (2017). Sustainability Indices in Latin America: Can Financial Markets Push for CSR? Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance (vol. 11, pp. 3-20). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited . https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320170000011001
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os autores dos artigos serão responsáveis dos mesmos e, assim, não comprometam os princípios ou políticas da Universidade Icesi nem do Conselho Editorial da revista Estudios Gerenciales. Os autores autorizam e aceitam a transferência de todos os direitos para a revista Estudios Gerenciales para a publicão impressa ou eletrônica. Após a publicação do artigo, pode ser reproduzido sem a permissão do autor ou da revista, se mencionar o(s) autor(es), o ano, o título, o volume e o número e o intervalo de páginas da publicação, e Estudios Gerenciales como fonte (se abster de utilizar Revista Estudios Gerenciales).