Apoyo organizacional y empoderamiento como antecedentes de comportamientos empoderados y participación de los empleados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.03.002Palavras-chave:
Apoyo organizacional, Empoderamiento psicológico, Desarrollo del empleado, Comportamientos proactivos, ParticipaciónResumo
El artículo presenta un estudio acerca de algunos antecedentes de los comportamientos empoderados y la participación de los empleados en actividades de desarrollo de personal. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia que el apoyo organizacional y el empoderamiento psicológico ejercen sobre los comportamientos empoderados. En el estudio participaron voluntariamente los empleados de 3 empresas maquiladoras del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Para el análisis de datos cuantitativos se utilizó la modelación por ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados de los análisis señalan que el apoyo organizacional ejerce una influencia indirecta positiva sobre la participación en actividades de desarrollo de empleados y sobre los comportamientos proactivos. Adicionalmente, el empoderamiento actúa como mediador de dicha relación. En consecuencia, se recomienda la promoción de climas organizacionales caracterizados por el apoyo organizacional y el empoderamiento.Downloads
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Referências
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Avey, J., Huges, L., Norman, S. y Luthans, K. (2008). Using positivity, transformational leadership and empowerment to combat employee negativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(2), 110–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730810852470
Baird, K. y Wang, H. (2010). Employee empowerment: Extent of adoption and influential factors. Personnel Review, 39(5), 574–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481011064154
Birdi, K., Allan, C. y Ward, P. (1997). Correlates and perceived outcomes of four types of employee development activity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 845–857.
Boudrias, G. S., Gaudreau, P., Savoie, A. y Morin, A. J. (2009). Employee empowerment: From managerial practices to employees' behavioral empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(7), 625–638.
Boudrias, G. S. y Savoie, A. (2006). Les manifestations comportementales de l'habilitation au travail: développement d'un cadre conceptuel et d'un instrument de mesure. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 12(2), 119–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2006.03.005
Carless, S. A. (2004). Does psychological empowerment mediate the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction? Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(4), 405–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBU.0000028444.77080.c5
Carrillo, J. y Gomis, R. (2003). Los retos de las maquiladoras ante la pérdida de competitividad. Comercio Exterior, 53(4), 318–327.
Conger, J. A. y Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy ol Management Review, 13(3), 471–482.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Corsun, D. L. y Enz, C. A. (1999). Predicting psychological empowerment among service workers: The effect of support-based relationships. Human Relations, 52(2), 205–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679905200202
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, y H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655–690). Berlín: Springer-Verlag.
Daily, B. F., Bishop, J. W. y Massoud, J. A. (2012). The role of training and empowerment in environmental performance: A study of the Mexican maquiladora industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32(5), 631–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443571211226524
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
Dewettinck, K. y van Ameijde, M. (2011). Linking leadership empowerment behaviour to employee attitudes and behavioral intentions. Testing the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Personnel Review, 40(3), 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481111118621
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. y Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. y Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. y Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
Fernandez, S. y Moldogaziev, T. (2015). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in the U.S. Federal Bureaucracy: A self-determination theory perspective. American Review of Public Administration, 45(4), 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074013507478
Fornell, C. y Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Giraldo Marín, S.B. (2012). El empoderamiento como generador de compromiso organizacional en los empleados de las empresas aseguradoras de la ciudad de Manizales [trabajo de grado de maestría]. Manizales, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K. y Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation models using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, y H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 691–711). Berlín: Springer-Verlag.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178, doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2092623
Haenlein, M. A. y Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner's guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), 283–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328031us0304_4
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. y Black, W. (2008). Análisis multivariante. Madrid: Prentice Hall.
Houghton, J. y Yoho, S. (2005). Toward a contingency model of leadership and psychological empowerment: When should self-leadership be encouraged? Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100406
Knol, J. y van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative behaviour: The effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(2), 359–370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04876.x
Kuratko, D., Ireland, R. y Hornsby, J. (2001). Improving firm performance through entrepreneurial actions: Acordia's corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Academy of Management Executive, 15(4), 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AME.2001.5897658
Maurer, T. J. y Tarulli, B. A. (1994). Investigation of perceived environment, perceived outcome, and person variables in relationship to voluntary development activities by employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.3
Meyerson, S. y Kline, T. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: antecedents and Consequences. Leadership & Organization Developmental Journal, 29(5), 444–460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730810887049
OIT (2000). El trabajo de las mujeres en la industria de la maquila [consultado 26 Oct 2015]. Disponible en http://www.oit.org/public//spanish/region/ampro/cinterfor/temas/gender/doc/cinter/equidad/cap1/ix/index.htm Pelit, E., Ozturk, Y. y Arslanturk, Y. (2011). The effects of employee empowerment on employee job satisfaction: A study on hotels in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(6), 784–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111111153475
Prati, G. y Zani, B. (2013). The relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational identification. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(7), 851–866.
Quiñones, M., den Broeck, A. V. y de Witte, H. (2013). Do job resources affect work engagement via psychological empowerment? A mediation analysis. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 29, 127–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18
Ramos-Vidal, I. y Maya-Jariego, I. (2014). Sentido de comunidad, empoderamiento psicológico y participación ciudadana en trabajadores de organizaciones culturales. Psychosocial Intervention, 23(3), 169–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.04.001
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. y Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (beta). Hamburgo: SmartPLS.
Rönkkö, M. y Ylitalo, J. (2011). PLS marker variable approach to diagnosing and controlling for method variance ICIS 2011 Proceedings. Paper 8 [consultado 5 Dic 2011]. Disponible en http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2011/proceedings/researchmethods/8
Schaffer, B. S. y Riordan, C. M. (2003). A review of cross-cultural methodologies for organizational research: A best-practices approach. Organizational Research Methods, 6(2), 169–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428103251542
Seibert, S., Silver, S. y Ran, W. (2004). Taking empowerment to the next level: A multiple-level model of empowerment, performance, and satisfaction. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 332–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159585
Silva, C. y Loreto Martínez, M. (2008). Empoderamiento: Proceso, nivel y contexto. Psykhe, 13(1), 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22282004000200003
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256865
Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S. y Esposito Vinzi, V. (2004). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling. Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting. pp. 739–742. Padova: CLEUP.
Thomas, K. y Velthouse, B. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An 'interpretive' model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Managment Review, 15(4), 666–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/258687
Tuuli, M. M. y Rowlinson, S. (2009). Performance consequences of psychological empowerment. Journal of Construction Engenieering and Managment, 135(12), 1334–1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000103
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G. y van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierachical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177–195.
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organizational, and community level of analysis. En J. Rappaport y E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of Community Psychology (pp. 43–63). Nueva York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
Avey, J., Huges, L., Norman, S. y Luthans, K. (2008). Using positivity, transformational leadership and empowerment to combat employee negativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(2), 110–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730810852470
Baird, K. y Wang, H. (2010). Employee empowerment: Extent of adoption and influential factors. Personnel Review, 39(5), 574–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481011064154
Birdi, K., Allan, C. y Ward, P. (1997). Correlates and perceived outcomes of four types of employee development activity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 845–857.
Boudrias, G. S., Gaudreau, P., Savoie, A. y Morin, A. J. (2009). Employee empowerment: From managerial practices to employees' behavioral empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(7), 625–638.
Boudrias, G. S. y Savoie, A. (2006). Les manifestations comportementales de l'habilitation au travail: développement d'un cadre conceptuel et d'un instrument de mesure. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 12(2), 119–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2006.03.005
Carless, S. A. (2004). Does psychological empowerment mediate the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction? Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(4), 405–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBU.0000028444.77080.c5
Carrillo, J. y Gomis, R. (2003). Los retos de las maquiladoras ante la pérdida de competitividad. Comercio Exterior, 53(4), 318–327.
Conger, J. A. y Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy ol Management Review, 13(3), 471–482.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Corsun, D. L. y Enz, C. A. (1999). Predicting psychological empowerment among service workers: The effect of support-based relationships. Human Relations, 52(2), 205–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679905200202
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, y H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655–690). Berlín: Springer-Verlag.
Daily, B. F., Bishop, J. W. y Massoud, J. A. (2012). The role of training and empowerment in environmental performance: A study of the Mexican maquiladora industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32(5), 631–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443571211226524
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
Dewettinck, K. y van Ameijde, M. (2011). Linking leadership empowerment behaviour to employee attitudes and behavioral intentions. Testing the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Personnel Review, 40(3), 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481111118621
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. y Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. y Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. y Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
Fernandez, S. y Moldogaziev, T. (2015). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in the U.S. Federal Bureaucracy: A self-determination theory perspective. American Review of Public Administration, 45(4), 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074013507478
Fornell, C. y Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Giraldo Marín, S.B. (2012). El empoderamiento como generador de compromiso organizacional en los empleados de las empresas aseguradoras de la ciudad de Manizales [trabajo de grado de maestría]. Manizales, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K. y Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation models using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, y H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 691–711). Berlín: Springer-Verlag.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178, doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2092623
Haenlein, M. A. y Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner's guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), 283–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328031us0304_4
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. y Black, W. (2008). Análisis multivariante. Madrid: Prentice Hall.
Houghton, J. y Yoho, S. (2005). Toward a contingency model of leadership and psychological empowerment: When should self-leadership be encouraged? Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100406
Knol, J. y van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative behaviour: The effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(2), 359–370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04876.x
Kuratko, D., Ireland, R. y Hornsby, J. (2001). Improving firm performance through entrepreneurial actions: Acordia's corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Academy of Management Executive, 15(4), 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AME.2001.5897658
Maurer, T. J. y Tarulli, B. A. (1994). Investigation of perceived environment, perceived outcome, and person variables in relationship to voluntary development activities by employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.3
Meyerson, S. y Kline, T. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: antecedents and Consequences. Leadership & Organization Developmental Journal, 29(5), 444–460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730810887049
OIT (2000). El trabajo de las mujeres en la industria de la maquila [consultado 26 Oct 2015]. Disponible en http://www.oit.org/public//spanish/region/ampro/cinterfor/temas/gender/doc/cinter/equidad/cap1/ix/index.htm Pelit, E., Ozturk, Y. y Arslanturk, Y. (2011). The effects of employee empowerment on employee job satisfaction: A study on hotels in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(6), 784–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111111153475
Prati, G. y Zani, B. (2013). The relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational identification. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(7), 851–866.
Quiñones, M., den Broeck, A. V. y de Witte, H. (2013). Do job resources affect work engagement via psychological empowerment? A mediation analysis. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 29, 127–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18
Ramos-Vidal, I. y Maya-Jariego, I. (2014). Sentido de comunidad, empoderamiento psicológico y participación ciudadana en trabajadores de organizaciones culturales. Psychosocial Intervention, 23(3), 169–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.04.001
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. y Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (beta). Hamburgo: SmartPLS.
Rönkkö, M. y Ylitalo, J. (2011). PLS marker variable approach to diagnosing and controlling for method variance ICIS 2011 Proceedings. Paper 8 [consultado 5 Dic 2011]. Disponible en http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2011/proceedings/researchmethods/8
Schaffer, B. S. y Riordan, C. M. (2003). A review of cross-cultural methodologies for organizational research: A best-practices approach. Organizational Research Methods, 6(2), 169–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428103251542
Seibert, S., Silver, S. y Ran, W. (2004). Taking empowerment to the next level: A multiple-level model of empowerment, performance, and satisfaction. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 332–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159585
Silva, C. y Loreto Martínez, M. (2008). Empoderamiento: Proceso, nivel y contexto. Psykhe, 13(1), 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22282004000200003
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256865
Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S. y Esposito Vinzi, V. (2004). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling. Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting. pp. 739–742. Padova: CLEUP.
Thomas, K. y Velthouse, B. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An 'interpretive' model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Managment Review, 15(4), 666–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/258687
Tuuli, M. M. y Rowlinson, S. (2009). Performance consequences of psychological empowerment. Journal of Construction Engenieering and Managment, 135(12), 1334–1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000103
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G. y van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierachical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177–195.
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organizational, and community level of analysis. En J. Rappaport y E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of Community Psychology (pp. 43–63). Nueva York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
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2016-06-13
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Apoyo organizacional y empoderamiento como antecedentes de comportamientos empoderados y participación de los empleados. (2016). Estudios Gerenciales, 32(139), 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.03.002
