Evaluation of the perception and application of social responsibility practices in micro, small and medium companies in Barranquilla. An analysis from the theory of Stakeholders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.08.003Keywords:
Factor analysis, Barranquilla, MSMEs, Social responsibility, StakeholdersAbstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree of comprehension and enforcement of social responsibility (SR) practices in micro, small and medium companies in Barranquilla (Colombia), based on the Stakeholders theory. Using an exploratory factor analysis on 779 companies it was found that the variables with a stronger explanatory influence for socially responsible performance are employees, environment, and community. By contrast, corporate management, value chain, and government/public sector condition the development of SR actions. Particularly, there is a weak perception and lack of will among owners and company managers to undertake comprehensive programs of social responsibility, as well as the formalization of those actions with an impact on the SR.
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References
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Baumann, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L., & Scherer, A. (2013). Organizing corporate social responsibility in small and large firms: Size matters. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(4), 693-705.
Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1-13.
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Brenner, S., & Cochran, P. (1991). The stakeholder theory of the firm: Implications for business and society theory and practice. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society.
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Comrey, A. (1973). A first course in factor analysis. New York: Academic Press.
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Demuijnck, G., & Ngnodjom, H. (2013). Responsibility and informal CSR in formal Cameroonian SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 112, 653-665.
Deniz, M., & Cabrera, M. (2005). Corporate social responsibility and family. Business in Spain. Journal of Business Ethics, 56(1), 27-41.
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Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Dunham, L., Freeman, R., & Liedtka, J. (2001). The soft underbelly of stakeholder theory: The role of community. Working paper no. 01-22. pp. 1-28. Darden Graduate School of Business Administration.
Duque, J., García, M., & Azuero, A. (2014). Responsabilidad social desde las percepciones de los trabajadores en una empresa vallecaucana del sector de clase mundial cosméticos y productos de aseo. Pensamiento & Gestión, 36, 56-108.
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Friedman, A., & Miles, S. (2006). Stakeholders: Theory and practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gadenne, D., Kennedy, J., & McKeiver, C. (2009). An empirical study of environmental awareness and practices in SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 45-63.
Gallardo, D., Sánchez, M., & Corchuelo, M. (2013). Validación de un instrumento de medida para la relación entre la orientación a la responsabilidad social corporativa y otras variables estratégicas de la empresa. Revista de Contabilidad, 16(1), 11-23.
Gallardo, D., & Sánchez, M. (2014). Structural analysis of the strategic orientation to environmental protection in SMEs. Business Research Quarterly, 17, 115-128.
Garriga, E., & Melé, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1), 51-71.
García, M., Azuero, A., & Salas, L. (2013). Responsabilidad social empresarial hacia los empleados: El caso de una PYME colombiana. Revista FIR, 2(3), 18-27.
Gelbmann, U. (2010). Establishing strategic CSR in SMEs: An Austrian CSR quality seal to substantiate the strategic CSR performance. Sustainable Development, 18(2), 90-98.
Global Reporting Initiative. (2011). Guía para la elaboración de Memorias de Sostenibilidad. https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/Spanish-G3.1-Complete.pdf . Retrieved 02.04.16
Guibert, J. (2009). Responsabilidad social empresarial: Competitividad y casos de buenas prácticas en pymes. San Sebastián: Universidad de Deusto.
Gulyás, Á. (2009). Corporate social responsibility in the British media industries: Preliminary findings. Media, Culture & Society, 31(4), 657-668.
Hayton, J., Allen, D., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7(2), 191-205.
Herrera, J., Larrán, M., Martínez, I., & Martínez-Martínez, D. (2016). Relationship between corporate social responsibility and competitive performance in Spanish SMEs: Empirical evidence from a Stakeholders’ perspective. Business Research Quarterly, 19(1), 55-72.
Hsu, J., & Cheng, M. (2012). What prompts small and medium enterprises to engage in corporate social responsibility? A study from Taiwan. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19, 288-305.
Instituto Ethos. (2011). Indicadores Ethos de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. http://www1.ethos.org.br/EthosWeb/arquivo/0-A bbe2011_Indic_ETHOS_ESP.pdf . Retrieved 10.05.16
Jamali, D., & Mirshak, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Theory and practice in a developing country context. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 243-262.
Jamali, D., Lund Thomsen, P., & Jeppesen, S. (2015). SMEs and SCR in developing countries. Business & Society, 56(1), 11-22.
Jamali, D., Zanhour, M., & Keshishian, T. (2009). Peculiar strengths and relational attributes of SMEs in the context of CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 355-377.
Jawahar, I., & McLaughlin, G. (2001). Toward a descriptive stakeholder theory: An organizational life cycle approach. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 397-414.
Jenkins, H. (2004). A critique of conventional CSR theory: An SME perspective. Journal of General Management, 29(4), 397-414.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 241-256.
Johnson, R., & Wichern, D. (2007). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Key, S. (1999). Toward a new theory of the firm: A critique of stakeholder “theory”. Management Decision, 37(4), 317-328.
Lepoutre, J., & Heene, A. (2006). Investigating the impact of firm size on small business social responsibility: A critical review. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 257-273.
León, G., Castán, J., & Afcha, S. (2015). Responsablidad social en las Mipymes de Sincelejo, Sucre. Revista Dimensión Empresarial, 13(2), 185-203.
Linh, C. V. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and SMEs: A literature review and agenda for future research. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 9(4), 89-97.
Lockett, A., Moon, J., & Visser, W. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in management research: Focus, nature, salience and sources of influence. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 115-136.
Ma, J. (2012). A study on the models for corporate social responsibility of small and medium enterprises. Physics Procedia, 25, 435-442.
Margolis, J., & Walsh, J. (2001). People and profits? The search for link between a company’s social and financial performance. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Martínez, H., Torres, F., & Vanegas, P. (2007). Situación de la responsabilidad social y ambiental de la empresa en las PYMES de Latinoamérica. Informe de Colombia. Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
Mitchell, R., Agle, B., & Wood, D. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886.
Mulaik, S. (2010). Foundations of factor analysis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press .
Murillo, D., & Lozano, J. (2006). RSE y Pymes: Una apuesta por la excelencia empresarial. Barcelona: ESADE.
Nejati, M., Amran, A., & Hazlina, N. (2014). Examining Stakeholders influence on environmental responsibility of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and its outcomes. Management Decision, 52(10), 2021-2043.
Niehm, L., Swinney, J., & Miller, N. (2008). Community social responsibility and its consequences for family business performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(3), 331-350.
Peña, J., & Delgado, B. (2013). Are entrepreneurial foreign activities of Peruvian SMNEs influenced by international certifications, corporate social responsibility and green management? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(4), 603-618.
Perrini, F. (2006). SMEs and CSR theory: Evidence and implications from an Italian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 305-316.
Quazi, A., & O’Brien, D. (2000). An empirical test of a cross-national model of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(1), 33-51.
Rattray, J., & Jones, M. (2007). Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(2), 234-243.
Raynard, P., & Forstater, M. (2002). Corporate social responsibility: Implications for small and medium enterprises in developing countries. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/puffk/corporatesocialresponsibility.pdf . Retrieved 15.08.16
Revell, A., & Rutherfoord, R. (2003). UK environmental policy and the small firm: Broadening the focus. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12(1), 26-35.
Roberts, S., Lawson, R., & Nicholls, J. (2006). Generating regional-scale improvements in SME corporate responsibility performance: Lessons from responsibility northwest. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 275-286.
Ruscio, J., & Roche, B. (2012). Determining the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis using comparison data of a known factorial structure. Psychological Assessment, 24(2), 282-292.
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Published
2017-09-25
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Research articles
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How to Cite
Evaluation of the perception and application of social responsibility practices in micro, small and medium companies in Barranquilla. An analysis from the theory of Stakeholders. (2017). Estudios Gerenciales, 33(144), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.08.003
