Una tipología de empresas latinoamericanas exportadoras de servicios intensivos en conocimiento y los determinantes de su competitividad internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.12.004Keywords:
Tipología de empresas, Servicios intensivos en conocimiento, Exportaciones, Determinantes, Análisis clústerAbstract
Este artículo persigue varios objetivos: por un lado, aportar una primera tipología de empresas latinoamericanas exportadoras de servicios intensivos en conocimiento, y por otro, contribuir al estudio de los determinantes de la competitividad internacional en estos sectores, con evidencia de América Latina, indagando además si la influencia de estos factores difiere entre los distintos tipos de empresas. Sobre la base de evidencia exploratoria de un conjunto de empresas latinoamericanas exportadoras de servicios intensivos en conocimiento se recurre al análisis clúster para identificar diferentes patrones empresariales. El reconocimiento de realidades empresariales heterogéneas y la identificación de impactos diferenciales de los determinantes de la competitividad pueden colaborar para un mejor diseno de ˜ medidas de política ajustadas a cada contexto.Downloads
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References
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Doh, J. P., Bunyaratavej, K. y Hahn, E. D. (2008). Separable but not equal: The location determinants of discrete services offshoring activities. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6), 926–943.
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Edvardsson, B., Edvinsson, L. y Nystrom, H. (1993). Internationalisation in service companies. The Service Industries Journal, 13(1), 80–97.
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Eichengreen, B. y Gupta, P. (2013b). The Real Exchange Rate and Export Growth: Are Services Different? The World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper No. 6629.
Elche Hortelano, M. D. y Gongález-Moreno, A. (2007). Innovation in service firms: Exploratory analysis of innovation patterns. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 5(2), 113–126.
Evangelista, R. (2000). Sectoral patterns of technological change in services. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 9(3), 183–222.
Falk, M. y Hagsten, E. (2015). Export behaviour of micro firms in the Swedish computer and business service industries. Economics, 9(32), 1–24.
Feng, Y. (2011). Foreign direct investment in China's Service Industry: Effects and determinants. China: An International Journal, 9(1), 144–163.
Fernandez-Stark, K., Bamber, P. y Gereffi, G. (2013). Regional Competitiveness in the Latin America Offshore Services Value Chain. En A. Bardhan, D. Jaffee, y C. Kroll (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Offshoring and Global Employment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gereffi, G., Castillo, M., Fernandez-Stark, K., Bamber, P. y Viola, A. (2009). The Offshore Services Industry: A New Opportunity for Latin America. Durham, NC: Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University.
Golub, S. S. (2009). Openness to foreign direct investment in services: An international comparative analysis. The World Economy, 32(8), 1245–1268.
González-Campo, C. H. y Hurtado Ayala, A. (2014). Influencia de la capacidad de absorción sobre la innovación: Un análisis empírico en las mipymes colombianas. Estudios Gerenciales, 30(132), 277–286.
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Grossman, G. y Rossi-Hansberg, E. (2008). Trading tasks: A simple theory of offshoring. The American Economic Review, 98(5), 1978–1997.
Guerrieri, P. y Meliciani, V. (2005). Technology and international competitiveness: The interdependence between manufacturing and producer services. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 16(4), 489–502.
Hagen, B., Zucchella, A., Cerchiello, P. y de Giovanni, N. (2012). International strategy and performance – Clustering strategic types of SMEs. International Business Review, 21(3), 369–382.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. y Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Londres: Pearson.
Harzing, A.-W. (2000). An empirical analysis and extension of the Bartlett and Ghoshal typology of multinational companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(1), 101–120.
Head, K., Mayer, T. y Ries, J. (2009). How remote is the offshoring threat? European Economic Review, 53(4), 429–444.
Hernández, R., Mulder, N., Fernández-Stark, K., Sauvé, P., López Giral, D., y Muñoz Navia, F. (Eds.). (2014). Latin America's Emergence in Global Services: A New Driver of Structural Change in the Region?. Santiago, Chile: ECLAC.
Hollenstein, H. (2003). Innovation modes in the Swiss service sector: A cluster analysis based on firm-level data. Research Policy, 32(5), 845–863.
Javalgi, R., Griffith, D. y White, S. (2003). An empirical examination of factors influencing the internationalization of service firms. Journal of Services Marketing, 17(2), 185–201.
Jensen, P. y Pedersen, T. (2012). Offshoring and international competitiveness: Antecedents of offshoring advanced tasks. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 313–328.
Jeong, H.-G. (2014). The determinants of foreign direct investment in the business services industry. International Economic Journal, 28(3), 475–495.
Johnson, R. y Wichern, D. (2008). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Londres: Pearson.
Jordá Borrell, R. M. (2007). Comportamientos innovadores de las empresas de servicios avanzados: Aprendizaje y entorno en Andalucía. Economía Industrial, 363, 205–221.
Kandilov, I. T. y Grennes, T. (2010). The determinants of service exports from Central and Eastern Europe. Economics of Transition, 18(4), 763–794.
Karam, F. y Zaki, C. (2013). On the determinants of trade in services: Evidence from the MENA region. Applied Economics, 45(33), 4662–4676.
Kim, Y.-D., Yoon, S. y Lee, K. S. (2012). International competitiveness of Korea Service Industry. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(3), 343–349.
Kimura, F. y Lee, H. H. (2006). The gravity equation in international trade in services. Review of World Economics, 142(1), 92–121.
Knight, G. A. y Cavusgil, S. T. (2005). A taxonomy of born-global firms. Management International Review, 45(3), 15–35.
Kolstad, E. y Villanger, I. (2007). Determinants of foreign direct investment in services. European Journal of Political Economy, 24, 518–533.
Lejárraga, I. y Oberhofer, H. (2015). Performance of small-and medium-sized enterprises in services trade: Evidence from French firms. Small Business Economics, 45(3), 673–702.
Lennon, C. (2009a). Trade in Services and Trade in Goods: Differences and Complementarities. Vienna: The Vienna Institute for International Economics Study (WIIW). Working Paper No. 53.
Lennon, C. (2009b). Trade in Services: Cross-Border Trade vs. Commercial Presence. Evidence of Complementarity. Vienna: The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (WIIW). Working Paper No. 59.
Lewin, A. y Couto, V. (2006). Next generation offshoring: The globalization of innovation. Duke-Booz-Allen-Hamilton Offshoring Research Network Survey Report.
Lewin, A. Y., Massini, S. y Peeters, C. (2009). Why are companies offshoring innovation?: The emerging global race for talent. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6), 901–925.
Liu, R., Feils, D. J. y Scholnick, B. (2011). Why are different services outsourced to different countries? Journal of International Business Studies, 42(4), 558–571.
López, A., Niembro, A. y Ramos, D. (2011). Cadenas globales de valor en el sector servicios: Estrategias empresarias e inserción de los países de América Latina. Integración y Comercio, 32, 49–59.
López, A., Niembro, A. y Ramos, D. (2012). Posibilidades de inserción de los países de América Latina en cadenas globales de valor en servicios: Un análisis de las políticas de promoción de exportaciones y atracción de inversiones. Santiago, Chile: Segunda Conferencia Internacional REDLAS.
López, A., Niembro, A. y Ramos, D. (2014a). La competitividad de América Latina en el comercio de servicios basados en el conocimiento. Revista de la CEPAL, 113, 23–41.
López, A., Niembro, A. y Ramos, D. (2014b). Promotion policies for services offshoring: Global analysis and lessons for Latin America. En R. Hernández, N. Mulder, K. Fernández-Stark, P. Sauvé, D. López Giral, y F. Muñoz Navia (Eds.), Latin America's Emergence in Global Services: A New Driver of Structural Change in the Region? Santiago, Chile: ECLAC.
López, A., Niembro, A. y Ramos, D. (2015). Las exportaciones de servicios en América Latina: Factores de competitividad, obstáculos y políticas públicas. Montevideo, Uruguay: Cuarta Conferencia Internacional REDLAS.
López, A., y Ramos, D. (Eds.). (2010). La exportación de servicios en América Latina: los casos de Argentina, Brasil y México. Montevideo: Red Mercosur de Investigaciones Económicas.
Lu, V. N., Quester, P. G., Medlin, C. J. y Scholz, B. (2012). Determinants of export success in professional business services: A qualitative study. The Service Industries Journal, 32(10), 1637–1652.
McGahan, A. y Porter, M. (1997). How much does industry matter, really? Strategic Management Journal, 18(Special Issue), 15–30.
Meliciani, V. y Savona, M. (2015). The determinants of regional specialisation in business services: Agglomeration economies, vertical linkages and innovation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(2), 387–416.
Meyer, T. (2007). India's specialisation in IT exports: Offshoring can't defy gravity. Frankfurt: Deutsche Bank. Deutsche Bank Research Notes 27.
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2017-03-24
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Una tipología de empresas latinoamericanas exportadoras de servicios intensivos en conocimiento y los determinantes de su competitividad internacional. (2017). Estudios Gerenciales, 33(142), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.12.004
